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__NOTOC__ The Indochinese box turtle, Vietnamese box turtle, or flowerback box turtle (''Cuora galbinifrons'') is a species of Asian box turtles from China (Hainan and Guangxi), northern and central Vietnam, Laos, and possibly northeastern Cambodia. The northern Vietnamese box turtle ''C. g. galbinifrons'' was described by Bourret in 1939, but it took nearly 40 years until the first specimens where imported to Europe and the United States. This subspecies occurs in extreme southern Guangxi Province, China, northern Vietnam, and probably northern Laos and on Hainan Island (China). The population from Hainan was once considered to represent a distinct species〔Zhao, 1975〕 or at least subspecies,〔Iverson & McCord, 1992〕 ''C. (galbinifrons) hainanensis]]''.〔Li, 1958: org desc. ''Cyclemys flavomarginata hainanensis'')〕 Li, 1958, was not aware of the description from Bourret (1939) of ''C. galbinifrons'' and thus believed to have a new subspecies of ''Cuora flavomarginata'' the only ''Cuora'' species known at this time with at least some similarities. According to some, specimens from Hainan do not always have fully black plastrons (always the case in mainland ''C. g. galbinifrons''), but sometimes lighter parts. Furthermore, their carapaces show more red pigmentation and brown spots. Genetic and morphologic studies believe it to be a synonym of ''C.g. galbinifrons'', however. The central Vietnamese flowerback box turtle (''Cuora (galbinifrons) bourreti'') occurs in central Vietnam and adjacent Laos, and possibly in northeastern Cambodia. The most notable difference to the nominate race is the distinct plastral pattern, where only smaller black blotches (sometimes none at all) occur. Described as a subspecies〔Obst & Reimann, 1994〕 of ''C. galbinifrons'', genetic studies〔Stuart & Parham 2004〕 have shown it to be quite distinct, possibly to the extent of a separate species, i.e., ''Cuora bourreti'' as is the case with ''Cuora picturata'',〔Lehr et al. 1998〕 once also considered a subspecies of ''C. galbinifrons''. However, ostelogic studies〔Fritz ''et al''. 2006〕 have shown that ''C. g. bourreti'' probably better remains as a subspecies of ''C. galbinifrons''. This is also substantiated by the finding of intergradation zones in north-central Vietnam, where hybrid populations of ''C. g. galbinifrons'' and ''C. g. bourreti'' are known to exist.〔Fritz ''et al''. 2003〕 The status of ''C. picturata'' is uncertain, while this is the morphologically and phenotypically the most distinct variety, authors〔Fritz & Havas (2006)〕 treat it as subspecies of ''C. galbinifrons'' again. Herein it is treated as a separate but closely related species. Specimens of at least the northern and central Vietnamese taxa hybridize—apparently in the wild—with keeled box turtle males to produce the turtles once considered a separate species or subspecies, ''Cuora serrata''. ==Gallery== File:Galbinifrons3.jpg|''C. g. galbinifrons'', dorsal view (Hainan) File:Galbinifrons2.jpg|''C. g. galbinifrons'', plastral view (Vietnam) File:Bourreti.jpg|''C. g. bourreti'', lateral view, light-colored variety (Cambodia/Laos) File:Bourreti2crop.jpg|''C. g. bourreti'', plastral view of the dark-colored Vietnam variety File:Bourreti3.jpg|''C. g. bourreti'', lateral view of the dark-colored Vietnam variety 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Indochinese box turtle」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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